How to deal with physical discomfort?

If it is unavoidable to experience some physical discomfort and accidents in the outdoors, do not be alarmed, and treat the situation calmly according to the specific circumstances. Here's a summary of common minor illnesses and how to deal with them.

Snow blindness

Ice, snow, or water reflects strong sunlight. Exposing your eyes to this environment for hours in sunny days can cause snow blindness. Snow blindness can cause a short-term disappearance of vision. The symptoms are: Sensitive to light, blinking, eyes appearing with sand, pain, red eyes, and tears. In the event of snow blindness, eyes should be rinsed with eye drops, blindfolded in darkness or blindfolded with a cold towel to reduce the use of eyes and rest as much as possible.

Remember not to heat, high temperatures will increase pain. A good environment can relieve the symptoms of snow blindness in time, but it normally takes 5-7 days to fully recover.

Frostbite and its treatment

In cold weather, the peripheral tissues of the body (hand, foot, ear, nose, etc.) are prone to frostbite due to rapid heat dissipation and poor blood circulation.

Frostbite can be accompanied by a loss of temperature, and the emergency should be dealt with first. Pure frostbite can be treated as follows. Can be used to warm body temperature, but to more than three degrees of frostbite who Wen Wen should pay attention to the time can not be long. Generally 30-40 degrees warm water soaked in the affected area or with a warm hot towel, the water temperature can not be high, it is not possible to make the affected area warm and roasted, the pain caused by excessive heat will cause severe pain. When the affected area recovers its blood and consciousness, stop it, apply a frostbite ointment to the wound, and then wrap the affected area with gauze or a soft cloth. Pay special attention not to rubbing or rubbing the affected area, and do not break the blisters. Many people think that using the snow to wipe the affected area can quickly warm up, in fact, this is a wrong practice, frostbite site should not be exposed to cold after treatment, should pay attention to keep warm, not to walk on the thawed feet.

Loss of temperature

It means that the heat generated inside the human body is not enough to make up for the heat lost from the body, and the body temperature drops. In the harsh conditions of extreme cold or wind and rain, it takes too long, especially when people are exhausted or the clothes are soaked, they are prone to losing temperature. In general, when the body temperature drops below 35°C, it enters a de-superheating state. Symptoms of degenerative symptoms include irritability, coldness, dullness, severe and uncontrollable tremors, incoordination of movement, falling or falling in walks, slowing of pulse, headache, blurred vision, slow heartbeat, and weak breathing. The principle of treatment of hypothermia is to prevent the patient from losing body temperature and assisting the patient in obtaining normal body temperature. For those who have lost temperament, they should first be moved to a warm place, take off the wet clothes (can not be fully delustered, exchanged with warm, dry clothes, wrapped in a sleeping bag, and allow the patient to take hot drinks when he is awake, eating Sugary, high-calorie foods: If the patient becomes unconscious, a hot water bottle can be placed on the patient's lower back, stomach, armpits, nape, wrist, and ankle. These parts of the blood are close to the body surface and can carry heat into the body.

Remember not to drink to the patient, alcohol will make the body surface blood vessels open to accelerate the body heat loss.

Sprained joints

After sprained joints, avoid kneading and massage. Immediately use cold water or cold compress. There is no ice cube to buy frozen mineral water and popsicle instead. After 24 hours with a handkerchief or bandage to fasten the sprained area, the Chinese medicine can be used for topical application. If there is no medication, you can also use hot water soaking. The soaking time is about 15 minutes.

Traumatic bleeding

When you are outdoors, if you are cut with a sharp weapon, you can use the mineral water and drinking water you carry with you to wash your wound and then wrap it with a towel. Slight hemorrhage can be used compression hemostasis, loosen about every 10 minutes after an hour to protect the blood circulation, but also quarrel time, as soon as possible to the treatment.

Syncope

There are several forms of sudden syncope on the road: hot weather, physical exhaustion, hunger and fatigue, hypoglycemia or anaemia, poisoning, and scaring. Those who experience sudden syncope should never be moved, but watch for heartbeat and breathing. If your heart beats and your breathing is normal, you can pat the patient and make a loud call to wake it up. If the breathing stops, the situation is serious, and the head of the patient should be biased to one side and lowered slightly. Take a backwards head posture, and then take artificial respiration and heart massage and other methods for emergency treatment.

Angina and asthma

People with a history of angina have to carry emergency medicine with them when they travel. In the event of sudden angina pectoris, it is best to allow the patient to sit up but not to move, and quickly immerse the patient in the tongue to relieve the condition.

Exacerbation of the journey may induce acute attacks of cardiogenic asthma. In patients who encountered such patients in the team, the patient was first placed in a semi-recumbent position, and the ribbon was used to fasten the three limbs of the patient's extremities in turn. After about five minutes, blood flow to the heart was reduced, and the burden on the heart was reduced.

epilepsy

Once the epilepsy patient in the team has an acute attack, quickly unfasten the button, loosen the belt, and allow the patient to lie flat with his head sideways. Swab mouth secretions to prevent vomit or secretions from inhaling the trachea. Do not sit up while the patient is on the attack, otherwise it is easy to make the patient's psoas muscle tear. Hold the patient's hand and foot gently to avoid bruising the hands and feet when convulsing. If the convulsions take a long time, they should be sent to the hospital as soon as possible.

Altitude sickness

3000 meters above sea level is called the plateau. At an altitude of 3,000 meters, although the partial pressure of alveolar oxygen drops, the hemoglobin bound to oxygen in the blood can reach saturation of 90%, so that human hypoxia is not obvious and the damage is not significant. At an altitude of 5,500 meters, the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli can be reduced to only half the level at sea level. At this time, hemoglobin combined with oxygen is only 40%. Headache, dizziness, palpitation, shortness of breath and loss of appetite can occur. Nausea and vomiting, bloating, chest tightness, chest pain, weakness, dry lips, runny nose and other hypoxic symptoms. Usually at 2700 meters above sea level, there will be a slight altitude sickness.

1. Because the body needs more oxygen to break down fat than break down sugar, within 7-10 days after reaching the plateau, the diet structure should be adjusted to properly reduce the intake of fat, increase the intake of sugar, and choose to be easily digested. food. Should eat less, eat more, dinner is not overfull.

2, in the highland environment, the body's metabolism is accelerated, it should increase the diet of protein, iron and vitamin B group content, eat more lean meat, vegetables and fruits.

3, the plateau area is dry, the surface tension of the water is small, the ventilation of the human body is obviously increased during the exercise, and the breathing frequency is increased. Special attention should be paid to the fact that those who enter the plateau often have no sense of thirst, so they should be given timely and appropriate rehydration.

4, it is best not to take a bath on the day of arrival at the plateau Propose to go to bed early and get up late, pillows should be properly raised, sleep should be sufficient, room temperature should not be too high. When you first arrive at the plateau, you should walk as slowly as possible. Don't swiftly walk, let alone run.

Keep warm

In many areas (such as deserts, mountains), there is a large temperature difference between day and night, and some large-scale temperature differences occur even when the altitude rises. Keeping warm is a must, especially after a lot of sweating and before going to bed.

prompt:

1) Make a full estimate of the lowest temperature possible in your area, prepare warm clothing and choose the right sleeping bag

2) When the clothes are wetted by rain or sweat, the speed of heat dissipation is amazing. At this time, dry underwear should be replaced as soon as possible.

3) Spare battery Insulation in cold area (can be placed in arms), frozen and cannot be used

4) Colder areas require more specialized equipment and knowledge