Comparison of common three-dimensional printing technologies

Among the currently used three-dimensional printing technologies, the most common three-dimensional printing technologies are ordinary three-dimensional printing, dynamic three-dimensional printing and holographic three-dimensional printing. Here, we will use a comparative method to explain these three-dimensional printing technologies.

Ordinary three-dimensional printing stereo photography mainly adopts the method of circular arc shooting, that is, taking the center point of the subject as the center of the circle, and taking the center point to the focal length of the photosensitive film as the radius to make an arc motion. The cylindrical lens plate is directly attached to the photosensitive film. In front, and move synchronously and randomly, each exposure will focus a pixel under each half-cylinder of the grating plate, and finally cover the entire grating pitch. Rinse to get a stereo photo. As with other printing methods, the plate-making process for three-dimensional printing also includes processes such as color separation, screen screening, and plate printing.

It is worth noting that in the separation of three-dimensional printing, the number of scanning lines is generally more than 400 lines / cm, and due to the fine pixels of the three-dimensional image and the magnifying effect of the cylindrical lens grating, etc., in order to get a better print, you should use a more Screening with fine meshes. The angle of the screen line in the three-dimensional printing should not be 0 °. In addition, the screen angles of the C and K versions in the three-dimensional printing should be the same, and the solid density of the color printing ink should be higher. The registration accuracy of ordinary three-dimensional printing is very high, and the PS version is generally used. Three-dimensional printing can be printed in different formats. The printed product can only have a three-dimensional effect after the surface is covered with a cylindrical lens grid. There are two kinds of cylindrical lens grids used at present, hard plastic and soft plastic. The former mainly consists of polystyrene, while the latter mainly consists of polyvinyl chloride. Before compounding the cylindrical lens, a negative template of the cylindrical lens needs to be made according to the relevant parameters, and then laminated and formed. Commonly used methods are mainly flat pressing, roller bonding and post-sticking.

Dynamic three-dimensional printing is an extension of ordinary three-dimensional printing, that is, a dynamic picture is printed on the basis of a three-dimensional picture, and a dynamic product can be produced as long as the viewing angle is changed. The production principle and method of dynamic three-dimensional printed matter are the same as those of ordinary three-dimensional printing. Dynamic three-dimensional printing also requires three-dimensional photography of the original, but unlike ordinary three-dimensional printing, it is necessary to determine the number of actions to design the original; each action has a picture, and the number of actions determines how much film is used for filming. Dynamic three-dimensional printing manuscripts now generally use a desktop printing system for color separation to obtain multiple sets of color separation negatives (negative films). The obtained negative films are copied to combine multiple motion pictures on a negative film, which requires stepwise exposure, and finally After displaying and fixing, the positive picture corresponding to the action picture is obtained, and then plate printing, printing and a compound cylindrical lens plate are obtained to obtain a dynamic three-dimensional print.

Holographic three-dimensional printing is a replication technology that transforms interference fringes formed by laser photography into a three-dimensional image and appears on a specific substrate. It is a new three-dimensional printing technology developed on the basis of holography.

In the 1980s, holographic three-dimensional printing technology entered the stage of promotion and application, and holographic three-dimensional printed products began to be popularized and gradually commercialized. The process flow of holographic stereo printing is shown in the figure below. Holographic three-dimensional printing is not made with ink. This printing method is similar to conventional printing methods and processes. Holographic three-dimensional printing must first take a holographic image. Before shooting a holographic image, choose the appropriate theme and the best layout of the space in which it is located. Pay attention to the influence of light. When the holographic image is not properly illuminated, it does not show any features of the recorded scene. The shooting of rainbow holographic images is based on the diffraction characteristics of light. Its production is obtained by placing a photoresist photosensitive plate through exposure, development, fixing and other processing. In the holographic stereo printing, a softer photoresist material will be used, but it is not suitable for direct imprinting, so an imprinting template must be made. A metal template is often used. After transferring the rainbow holographic image information, then Imprint on the molding machine. The purpose of embossing is to transfer the image information on the embossing template to a transparent film or a vacuum aluminized film at a certain temperature.

The films commonly used for embossing mainly include PVC, PET, PS, PP, etc. The embossing process is carried out in accordance with the process of hot pressing, cooling and peeling. After embossing, vacuum aluminum plating is performed, mainly for the purpose of directly viewing the holographic image under white light, which is a process of atomizing and depositing aluminum wire on the embossed film under high vacuum conditions.

At present, it is also possible to directly use an aluminum-plated film for imprinting. After that, it is necessary to apply glue and cover film to facilitate the transfer of three-dimensional image information. The process mainly includes two types of holograms, the paste type and the hot stamp type. machining. The quality of holographic 3D printing is not yet ideal and needs further improvement. With the popularization and development of computer technology, many manufacturers have used computers to produce 3D images, which has led to good development of 3D printing technology.

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