RMB collection knowledge
First, the introduction of banknotes in the paper version, there are many types of banknote printing, and many are used in combination of flat, concave, convex three types of printing. Most of its printing technology is used, such as special printing technologies such as wiring printing, offset printing, double-sided printing, and pattern-to-line printing. What do these printing methods and technologies mean?
Lithography: After lithographic printing was developed from early lithographs, its lithography and printing had its own unique personality. At the same time, it was extremely simple in work and low in cost. Therefore, it was continuously researched and improved by experts in modern times, and became lithographic printing. The most used method. In terms of feel, the ticket surface feels smooth and has no concavity and convexity.
Gravure printing: Gravure printing molds are carved from steel plates. The lines on the mold are concave. In the printing, the ink in the lines is transferred to the paper to form a pattern and a pattern protruding from the paper surface, and the three-dimensional effect is very strong. Because the engraving of steel plate is very difficult and difficult to counterfeit, gravure printing is often used for printing materials such as banknotes and certificates, which require high security. Touch with your fingers, with a strong sense of relief.
Relief printing: In contrast to letterpress printing and gravure printing, the printing plate is convex on the ink, and the pattern on the printing plate is higher than the printing surface. When printing, after applying the ink on the pattern, the re-pressed paper is pressurized and the ink is transferred from the printing plate to the printing plate. On paper. This printing method is called "press printing." Due to differences in the plate making process and materials used, it is divided into movable type, electroformed plate, plano-plate, and rubber plate. Toppan printing products are characterized by neat lines, strong strokes and other features. Now, what everyone says about letterpress printing on coins is actually not "embossing" or "letterpress." The real “press printing†process currently cannot print complex graphics (plate making costs are too high!). It can only be used to print serial numbers on banknotes (printed with raised steel lettering and concave on paper). Digital), can not print text and patterns. Many people say that the three editions of the banknotes have "letters" that are actually confused with "intaglio." The “press printing†and “gravure printing†of banknotes referred to by these people are actually the same printing method, which is actually “gravure printingâ€.
Wiring printing: The use of special machine printing, is characterized by the pattern of the note can be completed in a variety of colors of the wiring, and multicolor lines are very accurate convergence, the junction of different colors, neither blank nor overlapping. Wiring can be dry offset wiring, but also gravure wiring.
Offset printing: This is a more advanced printing technology, that is, using several colors of ink on the basis of one overprint, and then printing with several colors, thus forming a variety of colors. This printing is generally used on small square decorative patterns. For example, the original blue print on a small square is overprinted with red and becomes purple. If several colors of small squares are superimposed on one another, they look colorful and colorful. This kind of superimposed technology should have higher accuracy.
Double-sided printing: when printing banknotes, the front side has precise printing rules, which is also a relatively high printing technology. This method is currently limited to offset and letterpress printing. There are 3 types: (1) The colored part of the front part of the banknote or the four peripheral lines coincides with the side of the back. (2) Align in a certain part of the bottom line, such as a small circle, triangle, or other shape, with the two sides of the perspective aligned. (3) The portrait-to-print process is complicated and technical requirements are higher, such as French francs.
Pattern-to-line: This is a new process for shading. One is the full version (up, down, left, right) printed to the side, if the two sides of the docking, printed with a ç’‡-shaped pattern or other shapes of the pattern, can be completely on the line.
Second, the introduction of banknote packaging
Banknotes usually refer to words such as one knife, one bundle, one, one pack, one sack, one box, original bundle, whole bundle, original box, whole box, serial number, skip number, and so on.
What is the meaning of those things? The one-pack-and-copper coin that is commonly seen in the market is almost only divided into cents and four banknotes. Since most of the coins before the third edition were already in small quantities, most of the banknotes that appeared in packs were barely visible. Take the fourth edition of notes and cents as an example. Usually referred to as:
1 knife: 100 consecutive banknotes.
1 bundle: 1000 serial number banknotes.
1 bar: 5,000 consecutive banknotes.
1 pack: 10,000 banknotes (old packs of 125 points and 125 angles only).
1 box: 40,000 consecutive banknotes for 1 yuan and 1 yuan, 50,000 serial banknotes for 1 corner, 2 corners and 5 corners, 25,000 serial numbered banknotes for 5 yuan and 10 yuan, or 20,000 coupons for 50 yuan and 100 yuan Banknotes.
1 sack: 10 packs.
The original bundle: It refers to the kind of crack that the original packaging has, and the packaging skin is not broken so much that the banknote cannot be taken out.
Bundling: This refers to the guarantee of 1,000 links, and the knife blade is not broken, and it is repackaged with plastic bags. It is called the whole bale, also known as the back cover.
Original box: refers to the seal is not open.
FCL: Refers to the seal of the original box opened, but the inside of the thing is not moving, called the whole box.
Serial number: refers to the number of banknotes linked by the number.
Jump number: It means that there are one or several numbers in the number of banknotes linked to the number that lack the banknotes that are not consecutive.
Third, the introduction of banknote classification
There are more and more people who like to collect. How do you distinguish banknotes from banknotes? The prices of any kind of banknotes are accounted for separately. Therefore, you need to understand these categories. Then I will give you an introduction to what I know. If you say something wrong, please correct me. If you did not mention it, please add it.
There are many kinds of banknotes, but the basic classifications include the classification of the title, the classification of the edition, the classification of the watermark, the classification of the time, and the classification of the complement number.
Categorization: In simple terms, a crown refers to Roman numerals or pinyin letters in front of Arabic numerals on paper notes. In the first, second, and third editions of the RMB banknotes before the fourth edition, the crown was the Roman crown, and the Roman crown had two Roman numerals and three Roman numerals. There was also a color in the crown. Points, such as the three editions of a dime, the Roman crown are red and the Roman crown are blue. These types are all different. Of course, the price of coins is also different. In the banknotes after the fourth edition, the pin numbers were replaced with pinyin letters (many people said it was an English letter and it was wrong)
Category Classification: There have been several editions introduced above, and the classification will not be described in detail.
Watermark classification: Watermark is an almost invisible imprint, which must be placed in a specific environment to be seen, does not affect the use of the article; watermark production and copying is more complex, requires special processes and materials, and the watermark on the print It's hard to get rid of. Therefore, watermarks are often used in important publications such as cheques, certificates, passports, and invoices. An important means of judging the authenticity of printed matter for a long time is to check whether it contains watermarks. Because of the different watermark patterns in the renminbi, it also determines the quantity or value of a certain Chinese pattern in the world. For example, if the fourth set of renminbi has 80 years of issuance and 90 years of banknotes, they look almost the same in appearance. The most obvious place is bad in the age, so the difference in age also determines the value of money.
Supplementary number classification: The complement number is also to look at the crown number, because the printing process will appear printing problems, so before the printing of the renminbi will be printed in advance with a certain number of special notes to make up the use of banknotes, these banknotes on the crown It is called a complement number so as to compensate for banknotes that cannot be used due to errors in normal printing. Therefore, these complements are very rare, especially the serial number.
Fourth, introduce aspects of banknotes
In order to have an objective standard for the classification of RMB banknotes on the market, we refer to the opinions of domestic banknote collection specialists and draw on international references based on the taintedness, firmness, rounding, creases, and breakage of RMB banknotes. The division standard divides the renminbi banknotes into nine grades and is called "goods" according to the habits of domestic coin collectors. The breakdown is as follows:
Pretty version: The currency is clean and not in circulation.
Ten products: Not circulated, but because of the long time or improper storage, the surface has a very mild discoloration, no water stains make the surface tarnished; it can also include a very mild crease.
Nine products: There are more noticeable creases. The corners have the slightest degree of roundness, and the coupons are not polluted. The gloss of the original ticket can still be maintained.
Eight products: multiple touch circulation, there are a few obvious creases, a small amount of pollution and stains on the face of the ticket, but still strong and do not drape soft, no edge tear marks, a slight rounding of the ticket corner.
Seven products: Touching the circulation several times, the ticket surface has been contaminated, and it has become soft and soft. There is a small gap at the edge, but it does not extend to the ticket pattern.
Six products: long-term circulation has been rounded corners, edge cracks extended to the pattern, but no defect; dirty or faded face, but the details of the face pattern is still identifiable; coin hanging soft, with a central hole.
Five products: severe wear, dirty face, faded, edge tears and defects, rounded corners, but no large defects.
Four products: dirty faces, faded, blurred patterns, defects or large fragments.
Three products: banknotes are broken, there are large defects or holes, the bill surface is blurred, generally no collection value.
As for the method of dividing the appearance of banknotes internationally, it will not be described in detail.
Fifth, the factors that determine the value of the paper currency
The decisive factor of the value lies in the special significance of a certain type of banknotes, the time of circulation, and the amount of their existence. Of course, the fancier's love of the banknote pattern is also a factor that determines its value.
The above is the sorting of the shallow knowledge of banknotes. Banknotes represent the supreme printing technology of the country at that time. They contain the endless knowledge of the society, the times, the times, the social development, and the economic leaps. Paper money has his extensive and profound knowledge. It is a testimony of a national era, a lifeline of a country's economy and a symbol of national unity. Collecting paper money is like collecting an encyclopedia. Let us study it together and be proud of the proudness of each of our collections of paper money.
First, the introduction of banknotes in the paper version, there are many types of banknote printing, and many are used in combination of flat, concave, convex three types of printing. Most of its printing technology is used, such as special printing technologies such as wiring printing, offset printing, double-sided printing, and pattern-to-line printing. What do these printing methods and technologies mean?
Lithography: After lithographic printing was developed from early lithographs, its lithography and printing had its own unique personality. At the same time, it was extremely simple in work and low in cost. Therefore, it was continuously researched and improved by experts in modern times, and became lithographic printing. The most used method. In terms of feel, the ticket surface feels smooth and has no concavity and convexity.
Gravure printing: Gravure printing molds are carved from steel plates. The lines on the mold are concave. In the printing, the ink in the lines is transferred to the paper to form a pattern and a pattern protruding from the paper surface, and the three-dimensional effect is very strong. Because the engraving of steel plate is very difficult and difficult to counterfeit, gravure printing is often used for printing materials such as banknotes and certificates, which require high security. Touch with your fingers, with a strong sense of relief.
Relief printing: In contrast to letterpress printing and gravure printing, the printing plate is convex on the ink, and the pattern on the printing plate is higher than the printing surface. When printing, after applying the ink on the pattern, the re-pressed paper is pressurized and the ink is transferred from the printing plate to the printing plate. On paper. This printing method is called "press printing." Due to differences in the plate making process and materials used, it is divided into movable type, electroformed plate, plano-plate, and rubber plate. Toppan printing products are characterized by neat lines, strong strokes and other features. Now, what everyone says about letterpress printing on coins is actually not "embossing" or "letterpress." The real “press printing†process currently cannot print complex graphics (plate making costs are too high!). It can only be used to print serial numbers on banknotes (printed with raised steel lettering and concave on paper). Digital), can not print text and patterns. Many people say that the three editions of the banknotes have "letters" that are actually confused with "intaglio." The “press printing†and “gravure printing†of banknotes referred to by these people are actually the same printing method, which is actually “gravure printingâ€.
Wiring printing: The use of special machine printing, is characterized by the pattern of the note can be completed in a variety of colors of the wiring, and multicolor lines are very accurate convergence, the junction of different colors, neither blank nor overlapping. Wiring can be dry offset wiring, but also gravure wiring.
Offset printing: This is a more advanced printing technology, that is, using several colors of ink on the basis of one overprint, and then printing with several colors, thus forming a variety of colors. This printing is generally used on small square decorative patterns. For example, the original blue print on a small square is overprinted with red and becomes purple. If several colors of small squares are superimposed on one another, they look colorful and colorful. This kind of superimposed technology should have higher accuracy.
Double-sided printing: when printing banknotes, the front side has precise printing rules, which is also a relatively high printing technology. This method is currently limited to offset and letterpress printing. There are 3 types: (1) The colored part of the front part of the banknote or the four peripheral lines coincides with the side of the back. (2) Align in a certain part of the bottom line, such as a small circle, triangle, or other shape, with the two sides of the perspective aligned. (3) The portrait-to-print process is complicated and technical requirements are higher, such as French francs.
Pattern-to-line: This is a new process for shading. One is the full version (up, down, left, right) printed to the side, if the two sides of the docking, printed with a ç’‡-shaped pattern or other shapes of the pattern, can be completely on the line.
Second, the introduction of banknote packaging
Banknotes usually refer to words such as one knife, one bundle, one, one pack, one sack, one box, original bundle, whole bundle, original box, whole box, serial number, skip number, and so on.
What is the meaning of those things? The one-pack-and-copper coin that is commonly seen in the market is almost only divided into cents and four banknotes. Since most of the coins before the third edition were already in small quantities, most of the banknotes that appeared in packs were barely visible. Take the fourth edition of notes and cents as an example. Usually referred to as:
1 knife: 100 consecutive banknotes.
1 bundle: 1000 serial number banknotes.
1 bar: 5,000 consecutive banknotes.
1 pack: 10,000 banknotes (old packs of 125 points and 125 angles only).
1 box: 40,000 consecutive banknotes for 1 yuan and 1 yuan, 50,000 serial banknotes for 1 corner, 2 corners and 5 corners, 25,000 serial numbered banknotes for 5 yuan and 10 yuan, or 20,000 coupons for 50 yuan and 100 yuan Banknotes.
1 sack: 10 packs.
The original bundle: It refers to the kind of crack that the original packaging has, and the packaging skin is not broken so much that the banknote cannot be taken out.
Bundling: This refers to the guarantee of 1,000 links, and the knife blade is not broken, and it is repackaged with plastic bags. It is called the whole bale, also known as the back cover.
Original box: refers to the seal is not open.
FCL: Refers to the seal of the original box opened, but the inside of the thing is not moving, called the whole box.
Serial number: refers to the number of banknotes linked by the number.
Jump number: It means that there are one or several numbers in the number of banknotes linked to the number that lack the banknotes that are not consecutive.
Third, the introduction of banknote classification
There are more and more people who like to collect. How do you distinguish banknotes from banknotes? The prices of any kind of banknotes are accounted for separately. Therefore, you need to understand these categories. Then I will give you an introduction to what I know. If you say something wrong, please correct me. If you did not mention it, please add it.
There are many kinds of banknotes, but the basic classifications include the classification of the title, the classification of the edition, the classification of the watermark, the classification of the time, and the classification of the complement number.
Categorization: In simple terms, a crown refers to Roman numerals or pinyin letters in front of Arabic numerals on paper notes. In the first, second, and third editions of the RMB banknotes before the fourth edition, the crown was the Roman crown, and the Roman crown had two Roman numerals and three Roman numerals. There was also a color in the crown. Points, such as the three editions of a dime, the Roman crown are red and the Roman crown are blue. These types are all different. Of course, the price of coins is also different. In the banknotes after the fourth edition, the pin numbers were replaced with pinyin letters (many people said it was an English letter and it was wrong)
Category Classification: There have been several editions introduced above, and the classification will not be described in detail.
Watermark classification: Watermark is an almost invisible imprint, which must be placed in a specific environment to be seen, does not affect the use of the article; watermark production and copying is more complex, requires special processes and materials, and the watermark on the print It's hard to get rid of. Therefore, watermarks are often used in important publications such as cheques, certificates, passports, and invoices. An important means of judging the authenticity of printed matter for a long time is to check whether it contains watermarks. Because of the different watermark patterns in the renminbi, it also determines the quantity or value of a certain Chinese pattern in the world. For example, if the fourth set of renminbi has 80 years of issuance and 90 years of banknotes, they look almost the same in appearance. The most obvious place is bad in the age, so the difference in age also determines the value of money.
Supplementary number classification: The complement number is also to look at the crown number, because the printing process will appear printing problems, so before the printing of the renminbi will be printed in advance with a certain number of special notes to make up the use of banknotes, these banknotes on the crown It is called a complement number so as to compensate for banknotes that cannot be used due to errors in normal printing. Therefore, these complements are very rare, especially the serial number.
Fourth, introduce aspects of banknotes
In order to have an objective standard for the classification of RMB banknotes on the market, we refer to the opinions of domestic banknote collection specialists and draw on international references based on the taintedness, firmness, rounding, creases, and breakage of RMB banknotes. The division standard divides the renminbi banknotes into nine grades and is called "goods" according to the habits of domestic coin collectors. The breakdown is as follows:
Pretty version: The currency is clean and not in circulation.
Ten products: Not circulated, but because of the long time or improper storage, the surface has a very mild discoloration, no water stains make the surface tarnished; it can also include a very mild crease.
Nine products: There are more noticeable creases. The corners have the slightest degree of roundness, and the coupons are not polluted. The gloss of the original ticket can still be maintained.
Eight products: multiple touch circulation, there are a few obvious creases, a small amount of pollution and stains on the face of the ticket, but still strong and do not drape soft, no edge tear marks, a slight rounding of the ticket corner.
Seven products: Touching the circulation several times, the ticket surface has been contaminated, and it has become soft and soft. There is a small gap at the edge, but it does not extend to the ticket pattern.
Six products: long-term circulation has been rounded corners, edge cracks extended to the pattern, but no defect; dirty or faded face, but the details of the face pattern is still identifiable; coin hanging soft, with a central hole.
Five products: severe wear, dirty face, faded, edge tears and defects, rounded corners, but no large defects.
Four products: dirty faces, faded, blurred patterns, defects or large fragments.
Three products: banknotes are broken, there are large defects or holes, the bill surface is blurred, generally no collection value.
As for the method of dividing the appearance of banknotes internationally, it will not be described in detail.
Fifth, the factors that determine the value of the paper currency
The decisive factor of the value lies in the special significance of a certain type of banknotes, the time of circulation, and the amount of their existence. Of course, the fancier's love of the banknote pattern is also a factor that determines its value.
The above is the sorting of the shallow knowledge of banknotes. Banknotes represent the supreme printing technology of the country at that time. They contain the endless knowledge of the society, the times, the times, the social development, and the economic leaps. Paper money has his extensive and profound knowledge. It is a testimony of a national era, a lifeline of a country's economy and a symbol of national unity. Collecting paper money is like collecting an encyclopedia. Let us study it together and be proud of the proudness of each of our collections of paper money.
Ningbo Yinzhou Hengxi Winbate Household Product Manufacturer , https://www.winbate.com