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First, based on the objective requirements of WTO accession, timely adjustment of our development strategy to the WTO accession issue is a major event in our country and global economic life. We should follow the relevant requirements of WTO accession and the provisions of the WTO. Related Principles To improve the ability to respond, step up preparations and timely adjust our new development ideas so as to strive for initiative. Here's a brief discussion on this:
1. Basic Profile of the WTO The WTO (hereinafter referred to as the WTO) is currently the world’s largest economic and trade organization. In the world, it is listed with the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund as the world’s three major international economic institutions and its existing members. 135.
The WTO is an important bridge between the countries and regions in the world and the international economic system. It is also an inevitable product of the development of today's economic globalization. Its predecessor was the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) established in 1947, and the GATT was a As a multilateral agreement on trade issues signed by the governments of all parties, China is one of the founding countries of the agreement. For more than half a century, GATT has made important contributions to strengthening world economic relations and exchanges, promoting the reduction of tariffs by various countries, promoting the free flow of production factors, and formulating a set of international trade rules. However, since the 1990s, the world economy has changed rapidly and new demands have arisen for the coordination of global trade. Due to the acceleration of the process of economic globalization, the world needs a new, more comprehensive and more comprehensive international trade organization. In this context, the WTO was formally announced on the basis of GATT in 1995 after five years of brewing and negotiation.
The basic aim of the WTO is to focus on liberalizing trade in goods and services, protecting intellectual property rights, and making trade laws public. Through trade policy review mechanisms and dispute settlement mechanisms, they have a major impact on world trade and investment, and regulate the Trade behavior.
2. China's accession to the WTO is an inevitable historical moment. Many politicians and economists in the world are optimistic about China. Both have given our country a high rating and agreed that in the era of rapid development of global political and economic life, the WTO needs China's participation. With our participation in China, this organization is incomplete and its activities will be irregular, unfair and unfair. It can be said that China's accession to the WTO is an inevitable result of the historical development and the inevitable trend of the world economy. Specifically, this is because:
- Today, China is in an extremely important position in the world economy.
Over the past 50 years since the founding of New China, especially during the past 20 years of reform and opening up, China's economy has developed rapidly and its economic strength has grown stronger. In 1952, China’s GDP was only 67.9 billion yuan, and it reached 7,799.6 billion yuan in 1998. After deducting price factors, it grew at an average annual rate of 7.7%, which was significantly higher than the world average annual growth rate of 3%. According to the estimation of the World Bank, in 1997 China’s total economic output had leapt to the 7th place in the world, and the total number of important industrial and agricultural products ranked first and second in the world.
- The scale of China's foreign trade has expanded.
Before the 1970s, China only traded only a few countries such as the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Now it has grown to include more than 220 countries and regions including the United States, Japan, the European Union, and even Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Total foreign trade increased from 1.94 billion U.S. dollars in 1952 to 323.9 billion U.S. dollars in 1998, an increase of 166 times, with an average annual increase of 11.8%. The ranking of import and export volume in the century trade has risen from the 32nd in 1978 to now. The 11th. During the 20 years between 1978 and 1998, China’s total utilized foreign investment totaled US$405.9 billion. During the 20 years of reform and opening up, more than 300,000 foreign direct investment projects were approved, becoming the world’s second largest capital US dollar for many years in a row, ranking first in the world. In the second place, it is clear that China’s economic and trade scale and development potential have already played a decisive role in world trade.
-- China's economy is highly complementary to the world economy.
At present, there are nearly 1.25 billion people in China, accounting for one-fifth of the world’s total population. The labor cost is relatively low; China still has abundant natural resources; since the reform and opening up, China has also accumulated a certain amount of practical technologies with certain values. In addition to scientific and technological projects in the field of national defense, some civilian science and technology projects also rank among the world's leading, such as return satellites, in addition to the United States and Russia, China ranks third, the success rate of commercial satellite launch is also high; space seed test, China is the first of five major countries (ie, China, the United States, Russia, Britain, and Germany). There are 51 types of space seeds in China; molecular biological methods (space experiments) also rank among the world's leading. China is also one of the few countries that has gone to the Antarctic and the Arctic for comprehensive scientific investigations. In addition, China has also established a relatively strong industrial system with a certain degree of competitiveness. It has created a number of successful new modes of corporate management and has concluded a certain amount of advanced management methods. It is precisely because of this that China has a strong attraction in world trade. At the same time, it not only provides foreign businessmen with many good business opportunities, but also provides useful experiences for developing countries to learn from.
- China has played an increasingly important role in international affairs.
China is one of the five permanent members of the United Nations. China attaches great importance to standing on the side of developing countries, speaking for the people of developing countries, and safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of developing countries. In particular, the role played by the financial crisis in Southeast Asia in 1998 has attracted worldwide attention and far-reaching impact. This shows that China is a responsible developing country, which has enabled people of all countries in the world to further deepen their understanding and understanding of our country, and has also won a great deal. People's hearts. At present, in the World Trade Organization, developing countries and regions account for three quarters. Our country will strive to change the rules of the world trade only if it is preferred by rich countries. It is precisely because of this that our country has set a better image in the hearts of people of all countries, especially in the developing countries, and our country’s international status has been further enhanced. At the same time, it has also gained access to countries in the world, especially the vast number of developing countries. Strong support for joining the WTO. All countries and regions in the world, including some developed countries, are now soberly aware that without China’s 1.2 billion population and 9.6 million square kilometers of China’s accession to the WTO, this organization will be incomplete and invigorated; there will be no China’s participation. The application of WTO rules will be limited in its scope of application; without China's accession to the WTO as a huge market, it will be difficult for the international market to achieve true unity, and it will be difficult to have real fairness and justice in the world.
3. China's accession to the WTO is of great significance for its accession to the WTO. Since 1986, China has carried out long-lasting "revalence" negotiations on the premise of safeguarding the country's overall interests and safeguarding the basic principles of the WTO. In particular, after China and the United States and China and the EU reached an agreement on China’s accession to the WTO, official representatives from all countries, WTO officials and the media reacted strongly. They all expressed their warm welcome and congratulations. Italian Foreign Minister Fasino said: "The conclusion of bilateral agreements between China and the United States on the issue of China's accession to the WTO is a strategic and decisive step in the history of the WTO. China, which has one-fifth of the world's population, will join the WTO. The organization becomes a truly global trade organization and will make the process of economic globalization more effective and orderly." Joining the WTO can also be said to be a major event in the process of China's reform and opening up. It will surely have significant historical significance for China’s recent economic growth and long-term economic development in the 21st century. This is:
- Joining the WTO will help further promote the establishment of China's modern financial system.
By joining the WTO, a certain number of foreign financial institutions are allowed to provide banking or insurance services in certain cities or regions in China in certain forms. This will help break the monopoly of state-owned banks, introduce competition mechanisms, and introduce advanced management experience and development. More financial new product services, learning advanced financial services institutions' advanced service marketing system, and further promote the development of China's financial industry.
- Accession to the WTO will facilitate China's economic and trade cooperation with its member countries and regions, as well as other countries and regions. It will truly realize the full opening of China to all countries and regions of the world, and implement internationalized and globalized operations to form a The overall open pattern.
- Joining the WTO will help speed up the establishment and improvement of China's social security system.
The entry of foreign capital will enable China's insurance market to form a competitive pattern, especially enhancing people's awareness of "risk" prevention under the conditions of the market economy and changing the traditional concept of "welfare." The establishment, improvement, and reform of labor employment, medical insurance, and endowment insurance will all play a positive role in promoting.
-- The accession to the WTO will help China obtain non-discriminatory trade treatment in WTO member states and regions, reduce the friction in multilateral and bilateral trade, and promote China's economic development.
The U.S. Congress’s annual review of the so-called most-favored-nation treatment will be canceled, and major trading nations such as the United States will have to reduce or cancel trade discrimination in different degrees for China’s export commodities; some countries’ anti-dumping incidents against Chinese exporters will be Reduced by relevant articles. China's export channels will be more open and exports will have correspondingly larger growth.
- After joining the WTO, foreign businessmen will be more confident in China's investment environment and development prospects.
In particular, the implementation of the principle of national treatment (that is, the entry of WTO members’ goods or services into another member’s territory to enjoy the same treatment as goods and services in that country or region) is not only beneficial to foreign-funded enterprises in China. Further expand investment, and it is conducive to more foreign companies to come to China to set up various types of enterprises.
- Joining the WTO will promote the upgrading of China's technological progress industry and the effective adjustment of economic structure. Under the pressure of international competition, the use of market mechanisms to allocate resources for the survival of the fittest will be greatly accelerated, and the scope of technological exchanges and competition will be further expanded. Therefore, Chinese enterprises will pay more attention to the improvement of product quality, service level, and international competitiveness. At the same time, they will also be conducive to expanding the autonomy of foreign trade enterprises in China (except for a small number of national and civilian goods).
- Accession to the WTO will help further improve China's international status, enable China to directly participate in the formulation of international rules, participate in international trade arbitration on an equal footing, and safeguard the rights and interests of China and the vast number of developing countries.
- Accession to the WTO will also help the two sides of the Taiwan Strait to realize the "three links" as soon as possible, promote the economic cooperation between the Mainland and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and further accelerate the process of "one country, two systems" and peaceful reunification of the Chinese nation.
- Joining the WTO will help us absorb all the achievements of civilization in the world today and use it for my own purposes. This will enable our various undertakings to better conform to the historical trend and achieve rapid development.
The above-mentioned "ten benefits" refers to the "opportunity" issue. We must firmly seize this opportunity and continue to grow and strengthen ourselves. However, using the Marxist perspective to see the problem, things are always “one in twoâ€. After joining the WTO, it will certainly bring us some shocks, and we will encounter certain risks. Some of our companies are very likely to It is entirely possible for this situation to be eliminated if one cannot withstand this type of shock and is evaded from the risk. In particular, grain in agriculture, automobiles in industry, banking and insurance in service industries, etc., will all face competition from developed countries. Therefore, we must not only establish a sense of competition, but also must establish a sense of risk prevention.
4. In order to meet the objective requirements of accession to the WTO, China's packaging industry should adjust the new ideas of their own development in the face of the severe situation of the opportunities and challenges of accession to the WTO, China's packaging industry should pay attention to the following points:
- Should be prepared for a more open thinking. In the past, the planned economy, closed-door policy, unrequited pursuits, and failure to open the door to the “fresh air†way of thinking and the old mode of production and work are not in tune with the general situation of joining the WTO.
Therefore, we must work hard to improve new ways of thinking and resilience under major open conditions and further intensify reforms.
Some Strategic Thoughts on How to Develop China's Packaging Industry in the 21st Century
The wheel of history has rushed into the new century and entered the new millennium. In this new era, how should the development direction of China's packaging industry be determined, how should the road go, how should we seize opportunities, meet challenges and participate in competition? I hereby put forward three strategic ideas from the "accession to the WTO", "revitalization of science and education" and "environmental protection" for reference: