Table 1 Glass fiber line pipe standard Table 3 Pipe thermal conductivity name API standard Domestic standard High pressure glass fiber line pipe APISpec15HRSY / T6267-2006 Low pressure glass fiber line pipe and pipe fittings APISpec15LRSY / T6266-2004 Pipe stainless steel pipe seamless steel pipe cast iron pipe plastic alloy composite The thermal conductivity of the glass fiberglass reinforced plastic composite pipe W / (small transport resistance, according to the Fanning formula, we can know that the resistance loss of the fluid flowing in the round straight pipe is that with the continuous development of the oil field, the pipeline has formed a criss-cross network, which has become However, the problems of corrosion, scaling, and short life cycle of buried metal pipelines used for water injection and gathering and transportation have seriously restricted the development of the oil field, and also brought serious safety and environmental risks. In order to alleviate this phenomenon, various oil fields have successively introduced a series of non-metallic pipe materials such as glass steel tubes, flexible composite tubes, and steel frame plastic composite tubes to effectively solve these problems, providing a strong guarantee for the safe and rapid development of the oil field. As early as the mid-1950s, the United States had begun to apply FRP pipes to oil fields. By the 1980s, the American Petroleum Institute had successively formulated corresponding API specifications for high-pressure glass pipes, tubing, and casing, and At the end of the eighties, corresponding modifications were made according to the application (Table 1). These specifications have made corresponding regulations on the selection of materials and forming methods of glass fiber reinforced plastics for the petroleum industry, marking the approval of the steel industry for glass steel pipes. In China, since the 1990s, FRP pipes have been tested in oil field gathering and transportation systems and have been applied in oil and gas fields such as Daqing, Tarim, Liaohe, and Shengli. Subsequently, high-pressure glass fiber reinforced plastic pipes were also used in water injection systems, and steel skeleton plastic composite pipes and continuous reinforced plastic composite pipes also began to be used in oilfield sewage and clean water transmission pipelines; plastic alloy composite pipes and flexible high-pressure composite pipes were used in sewage , Oil gathering, oil pipelines. In recent years, amine-cured epoxy glass tubes have been successfully used in the preparation of polymer flooding and ternary compound flooding and water injection pipes, which have solved the problem of corrosion of ternary media. With the large-scale application of non-metallic pipelines in oil fields, its advantages have gradually been recognized by the petroleum industry. Compared with metal pipelines, non-metallic pipelines generally have the following unparalleled advantages: 1 Strong corrosion resistance, long service life Crude oil and oily sewage contain a lot of corrosive media such as H2S, SO2, NaCL, Ca2 +, etc. The average corrosion rate of metal is 11.7mm / year, which greatly reduces the service life of metal pipes, and non-metal pipes generally have excellent corrosion resistance. For example, high-pressure glass fiber reinforced plastic pipes are molded with glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin. After the epoxy resin is cured, the high degree of cross-connection makes it have good anticorrosive properties, which can resist acids, alkalis, salts, seawater, untreated sewage, Corrosion of corrosive soil or groundwater and numerous chemical fluids; due to the high content of combined chlorine atoms, CPVC industrial pipes are inert to most inorganic acids, alkalis, salts and high molecular weight aliphatic hydrocarbon hydrocarbons, and are strong against Oxides and halogens have good resistance, and other non-metallic pipelines also have excellent corrosion resistance, which greatly improves the service life of pipelines. The service life of non-metallic pipelines is generally more than 30 years, and metal pipelines need to be repaired after 35 years of operation in low-corrosion, salt, alkali and other highly corrosive areas. The later maintenance costs are high and the service life is only about 15 years. 2 The inner wall is smooth, not easy to scale, medium-friction coefficient; l tube length, m; d one tube inner diameter, m; U fluid flow rate, m / s. It can be seen from the formula that when the operating conditions of the fluid are constant, the resistance of the straight tube The size of the loss depends mainly on the size of the friction coefficient X. When the fluid velocity is small, the fluid flow form is laminar flow. At this time, the friction coefficient x = se is only a function of Reynolds number Re and has nothing to do with the pipe wall roughness. In daily production, in order to improve production efficiency and reduce engineering investment, it is often necessary to increase the fluid flow rate u, so that the fluid flow pattern becomes turbulent. At this time, the friction coefficient X is not only related to the Reynolds number Re, but also related to the relative roughness f. Based on a large number of experiments, people have analyzed and processed many empirical formulas and relationship diagrams. The typical Modi friction coefficient diagram is shown below. The Modi friction coefficient diagram can be seen from the figure. When the fluid turbulent under certain operating conditions (Re 4000), the friction coefficient increases with the increase of the relative roughness f Large, eventually leading to increased fluid resistance losses. In the same environment and under the same conditions, due to the relatively rough inner wall of the steel pipe, the coefficient of friction is large, and it increases rapidly with the increase of corrosion, resulting in a further increase in resistance loss. Non-metallic pipelines have a smooth inner wall and a small friction coefficient throughout the entire life span, which greatly reduces the resistance of non-metallic pipelines to medium transportation, and can significantly reduce the fluid pressure loss along the pipeline and save energy consumption. Table 2 Absolute roughness of pipe, stainless steel pipe, seamless steel pipe, cast iron pipe, plastic alloy composite pipe, glass steel pipe, steel skeleton, plastic composite pipe Metal is a good thermal conductor, and the thermal conductivity is usually between 1400W / (mK). Compared with metal, the thermal conductivity of non-metallic pipes is generally very low, about 0105W / (mK), which reduces the heat transfer rate and greatly reduces the heat loss of the fluid. Now the heat transfer rates of seamless steel tubes and glass steel tubes under the same conditions are compared: according to Fourier's law, the heat conduction rate equation of the cylindrical wall under stable heat conduction can be derived from Table-3. According to the results of comparison, under the same conditions, the heat transfer rate of FRP steel is less than 1% of that of steel pipe, which greatly reduces the heat loss of the fluid. 4 Light material, easy installation, simple and fast, low engineering cost Non-metallic pipes generally have the characteristics of low density, the weight is only 1/31/5 of the steel pipe, easy to handle, less construction personnel, less installed power equipment; pipeline connections are threaded Connection, flange connection, socket glue connection, etc., flexible and diverse, easy to install, simple and fast. Compared with metal pipelines, non-metallic pipelines have unparalleled advantages, but also have some defects, such as inconsistent product manufacturing standards, manufacturers vary in production equipment, technical level, personnel quality, service quality, etc., products The quality difference is large; the pipeline has relatively poor rigidity, easy to be discounted, and poor resistance to mechanical damage; the construction team has insufficient construction experience and irregular construction acceptance, which causes defects in pipeline construction quality and bury hidden dangers for the safe operation of the pipeline. Although non-metallic pipelines still have defects in manufacturing, product quality, construction and maintenance, non-metallic pipelines have many unparalleled advantages over metal pipelines. With the development of technology and the gradual enrichment of engineering experience, non-metallic pipelines The quality of the pipeline will continue to improve, and the advantages will be further revealed. According to incomplete statistics, as of the end of 2007, various oil and gas fields of CNPC have built more than 120 kilometers of various non-metallic pipelines. In recent years, as the price of steel continues to increase and the quality of non-metallic pipelines improves, the price-performance ratio of non-metallic pipelines continues to increase. In the future, PetroChina will have tens of thousands of kilometers of new or renovated oil and gas in the construction of oil and gas field surface projects. For water transportation pipelines, the application scale of non-metallic pipelines will become larger and larger in the future of new oilfield production capacity projects and aging pipeline upgrades. Non-metallic pipeline application prospects will be very broad. In general, non-metallic pipelines have been widely used in the construction of oil and gas field ground collection, oil transportation, water transmission, water injection and other pipelines due to their excellent performance. They have been used to reduce the corrosion of buried metal pipelines and improve their transportation capacity. , To ensure production safety and other aspects played a vital role. For example, it is possible to develop residual oil hydrogenation technology to improve the conversion rate of residual oil in the refining process and promote the improvement of light oil yield. In the processing of inferior crude oil, it is necessary to increase its conversion depth and rationally optimize the refining process. The selection of chemical raw materials must be as low as possible on the premise of ensuring high quality. Increase additional output value and improve utilization efficiency. At the same time, relevant oil refining enterprises should strengthen international exchanges, earnestly study and introduce advanced technologies of international oil refining enterprises, and improve their competitiveness. To strengthen the role of macroeconomic regulation and control, we must take appropriate measures for China's oil refining industry to effectively increase the concentration of the oil refining industry, strengthen supervision and standardize the approval process for oil refining enterprises, and for crude oil acquisition, transportation, oil pipeline construction, and oil products market For balance and other aspects, we must strengthen overall planning, rationally allocate relevant resources, and improve the industrial layout. For some enterprises with crude oil processing capability, the scale expansion should be strictly restricted. Some small and medium-sized enterprises with excessive discharge of waste, excessive pollution, substandard quality of related products, and underground refining efficiency should be effectively rectified, and some enterprises with weak rectification should be strictly halted. On the premise of ensuring the healthy and orderly development of China's oil refining industry, we should consider measures such as expanding the scale of enterprises and increasing the number of locations. In the face of intensified international oil product competition, while the quality of China ’s current imported crude oil is declining, and China ’s current refined oil standards are constantly improving, oil refining companies should be oriented to market demand, increase product structure adjustment efforts, and improve through the improvement of industrial structure. The market competitiveness of China's oil refining industry. Adhere to the direction of deep processing, continue to promote and use the hydrogenation process, strengthen the production of light oil products, and effectively improve the yield of light oil. For heavy oil processing, strengthen the research and development of new equipment and new industries, you can take the road of refining and chemical integration, strengthen the research and construction of integrated projects, take MIP, DCC and other heavy oil catalytic technologies as the leading, and strengthen products such as ethylene and propylene Production, rationally extend the chemical industry chain, and optimize the industrial layout. Improve the market competitiveness of enterprises. For existing refineries, it is necessary to adjust the structure of the device reasonably, increase the production capacity of high-octane gasoline components, adjust the production ratio of diesel, gasoline and chemical oil, and actively develop and process high-grade lubricants and high-grade clean gasoline , Solvent oil, high-quality automotive diesel and other products, on the premise of ensuring the development of the automotive industry, appropriately increase the production ratio of chemical oil, and promote the development of China's petrochemical industry and sustainable economic development. In the development of China's oil refining industry, we must pay attention to the corporate social responsibility, establish a sense of sustainable development, strengthen energy-saving measures, and effectively promote the economic and social benefits of oil refining enterprises to improve together. At present, China's oil refining industry has conducted a lot of research in implementing energy saving and emission reduction, and controlling industrial pollution. It has also taken effective measures and achieved certain results, but it still needs to take further measures, increase governance, and establish and improve energy conservation. Environmentally friendly oil refining industry. Relevant enterprises should increase the research and utilization of energy-saving and environmental protection technologies, promote the use of process exhaust gas, promote the use of catalytic cracking regeneration flue gas desulfurization technology, strengthen the treatment of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide, and effectively reduce exhaust gas pollution. For industrial wastewater to be discharged after strict treatment, adopt biochemical aeration, oil separation flotation and other wastewater treatment technologies and methods to make the discharged wastewater comply with the relevant discharge standards. At the same time, strengthen supervision, improve relevant laws and regulations, promote development with systems, and strengthen publicity to establish environmental awareness and energy conservation awareness of oil refining workers. Facing the new development of the international oil refining industry and the continuous improvement and maturity of China's oil refining industry in terms of scale and technology, China's oil refining enterprises must strengthen cooperation within the industry and work together to realize the complementary advantages of resources and technology and promote China's oil refining industry Healthy and orderly development. First of all, it is necessary to increase joint ventures, strengthen the joint forces between companies, and actively promote and encourage private capital to participate in the production and development of China's oil refining industry while ensuring and improving state-owned holdings. Promote the common development of multiple ownerships, make them use their respective resources and technological advantages, promote mutual benefit and win-win results, and effectively avoid vicious competition and disorderly competition, maintain the development order and development layout of the domestic oil refining industry, and secondly, increase opening to the outside world Intensive efforts to carry out in-depth international exchanges, strengthen technical exchanges and cooperation with foreign related companies, effectively absorb and learn relevant technical experience and management concepts of foreign companies, and promote the sustainable development of China's oil refining industry. 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