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The primary task of color management is to determine how many colors are in the color space, and to take full account of various factors that affect the appearance of colors. This is a very subjective job and it is not easy to actually do it. From the definition of color, color is a kind of visual psychological feeling. Our brain stores all sorts of color information in different categories, so we can feel the expected color vision. Therefore, there is no universal method to obtain various color information. Because of this, color management is a complex and ruleless process control. The key to color management lies in the perception of color and the experience of color. For color, people's color experience, experience, and theoretical knowledge of color are just as important. The meaning of this sentence is that people's visual perception needs to be able to feel the nuances of color under different circumstances. Obviously, the subject's cultural quality cannot be ignored in color management. The current color management technology of color management is to interpret the unknown factors that continuously change in the workflow, and then quantify it, so that the color reproduction is device-independent. The installation of a suitable color management system can reduce the dispute between the image reproduction company and the customer. Color management may seem simple on the surface, and it is often impossible to actually do it. However, its advantages are also prominent. It has a wide range of applications.
Although one of the characteristics of color management is its versatility, in the printing industry, the mistake of people living in prison is to ignore the actual situation of the company. Where there is color management, there are some wrong expectations and investments. The consequences are complaints about color management and misunderstandings about color management.
In order to maximize the effectiveness of color management, users should be able to prescribe the right medicine and understand what their needs and uses are. Is the color management applied to the film and television industry in the commercial market, or for professional prepress and printing areas. The printing industry has high requirements for color, but people often know very little about the color printing process, thus preventing color management from playing its role to the maximum.
Newman, the chairman of the ICC consortium, once brilliantly elaborated on color management: [In the generation of an image on a device, it is inevitably necessary to convert its color message into the color space of another device. If you have a scanner and a printer, you need a Profile (Color Profile) to convert the scanner's color space data to a printer-readable color. First, once you have purchased another printer, you need an additional profile. And so on, when you add a printer, you need a total of three profiles. Assuming another scanner is purchased, more color profiles are needed at this time. Excessive profiles will make it increasingly difficult to manage.
The ICC Consortium has realized this problem, and it also recognizes that color management systems rely heavily on the principle of device color characterization. So ICC has developed a standard hardware and software environment to handle color. The profile file format of a cross-platform device includes the process, system structure, and device profile. Devices Different types of devices (scanners, monitors, printers) require different types of profiles. Each type of device has its own set of profile packages, plus the profile that device users add when necessary. This approach looks good, but the disadvantage is the lack of quality control and the control mechanism of the legality of the profile. This problem may not be serious, but it may cause great trouble in the future. In response to this status quo, ICC Alliance Chairman Newman said: [The ICC's short-term goal is to establish a standardized test environment and equipment classification. The current ICC Profile is still not a file format. The test environment should be open and comprehensive, and the test environment should be applicable to new devices. It is of great challenge to design a test method with such harsh conditions.
Although there are many difficulties, the possibility of success is great. Apple, Agfa, Canon, Scitex, Sony and other 16 big companies in the world all claim that their devices support the ICC profile. These large companies will continue to work closely with the ICC alliance in the future to make the color management system open and standardized.
The color profile includes the data of the actual image (mostly TIFF format), a header, a detailed description of the characteristics of the device itself, and the device's response to the color. In each step of image generation and processing, the profile of the device reduces the variation factor, and the color information is continuously converted into the color space of another device as much as possible. In any effective color management, calibration and accurate inspection tools are very important, especially for users with lower technical level. Fortunately, powerful new detection tools are emerging. For example, the detection tool FocolTone Digital uses a color photocopier to provide a series of hardcopy and digital methods for color calibration. Color Partnership recently introduced a relatively inexpensive computer screen calibration tool, which is also suitable for color management. The working principle is to measure the red, green, and blue signals of the monitor, and then compare and adjust with the user-selected setting signal to set the monitor to the best state. The company's Profile80 is a profile file generator for the Colorsync2.0MYK output device. For the calibration of the scanner and the output device, a test strip is used to check whether the colors of the input and the output are consistent. At present, the IT8 standard is used as a reference for describing the color characteristics of the output device.
For the characterization of the press, people have developed standardized control strips to verify that the quality of the color reproduction on the press is as expected. These control bars are used to indicate the change in color as they are printed. Once the color has changed, the data is converted into an adjustment control algorithm. Taking into account the many factors in the offset printing process, the printing process needs many adjustments to suit this, which is beyond the scope of the text.
When the device performs color characterization, it also has to contact some applications. Applications may include a wide range of Profile libraries. In turn, the application must work with the operating system, and the color management system works under the basic functionality provided by the operating system. Major companies engaged in imaging work such as Agfa and Kodak have developed application software that provides color management tools. They use IT8 control strips to generate profiles for devices. Because color management systems are closely related to operating systems, operating system developers are The role of color management can not be ignored.
Transparent, media-independent management systems should support the operating system. Because the inherent function in the operating system will expand the function of the color management system, so that the color management system and the operating system can work together in a common way. It's easy to mention that even though Microsoft's Windows operating system contains Kodak's Precision color management system, Microsoft still cares about not fully supporting color management in Windows. The reason is that the Windows operating system has limitations in color management.
In contrast, Apple Computer International Co., Ltd. has done a lot of effective work to improve color management. The Mac operating system fully supports the ColorSync color management system. The color conversion of ColorSync is based on the technology developed by lino-Hell. The company has already Play a pivotal role. Rapidly developing color management software ColorSync software products are now growing at an unprecedented rate. In the fiercely competitive commercial market, there are many application softwares that support color management, and the results of competition will greatly promote the wide application of color management software. For example: Photoshop includes three ColorSync2.0 plug-ins (Acquire, Export, Filter); In addition, Live Picture image editing software fully supports color management; although ColorSync2.0 is better for Xpress, Adobe's pageMaker Still equipped with ColorSync2.0. Quark wondered if its Xpress supports how ColorSync 2.0 works in Xpress. Quark's Xpress software is now equipped with Helios ColorSync 2.0 Xtention.
With echoes of the development of desktop applications, the ICC Profile software in the market continues to emerge in an endless stream. Color Partnership's Colorsynergy; Color Solution's ColorBlind ICC; Logo's Profile Maker; Agfa's Fototune (There's a tool for both PC and Mac platforms); Lino-Hell's CaptureProfiler, DisPlayPrlfiler and Print Profile for Mac . The listed software is a professional tool for generating profiles for multiple devices. Conclusion The development of modern printing technology hopes that people will introduce more effective color management tools. For example, six-color (C, M, Y, K plus two spot colors) printing and digital printing more urgently require a color management system. However, we should not be too hasty or expect too much. After all, the subjectivity of color is too strong.
In our work, we should look at the concept of six: If we do not calibrate and test the equipment, obtaining the desired color is simply nonsense. The working conditions and conditions are often dynamically changing. Calibration and testing equipment is the routine work for each batch of prints. This is the reason for slow work. If we call color printing magic, it's not an exaggeration! Through the overprinting of the four primary colors, many colorful colors can be produced, and with the visual characteristics, they form a world of colorful prints. With the development of color management, we will walk into a more colorful and magical world.
Color Management Review
The conceptual color of the color is that the light source projects onto the surface of the object and enters the eye after reflection. A visual perception formed after subjective understanding of human psychology. The appearance of the color is determined by the light source, the characteristics of the surface of the object, the spectral sensitivity of the eye, and the like. The other colors we see are made up of three colors of red, green, and blue. Using the three primary colors of red, green, and blue can be mixed to produce a color vision of the entire visible spectrum. The concept of color management is due to the three major determinants of color, so in the process of color reproduction, it will be very difficult when different media or different environments exhibit the same color effect. Under different conditions, the method and control to maintain the consistency of color perception is called color management.